initializes an appropriate SVG map template (set_map method), which includes initially empty SVG groups for area, line, point and cosmetic groups of layers and sets SVG canvas coordinates (as implemented in AxioMap which was used as the prototype of the services [Zaslavsky 2000, Zaslavsky et al., 2002).YMap, an easy-to-use, user-task-oriented highly interactive mapping tool prototype for visual geo-referenced data exploration is implemented using this technique. The client-side (browser) is implemented as light-weight Java applets. As a result, it accommodates general public users with slow modem network connections and low-end machines, as well as users with fast T-1 connections and fast machines.
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Compared to Web GIS approaches that are based on vector geographic data, this technique has the features of short initial download time, near-constant performance scalability for larger numbers of geographic objects, and download-map-segment-only-when-necessary which potentially reduces the overall data transfer over the network. Differing from traditional raster-image-based approaches that are static and allow very little user interaction, it allows varieties of sub-second fine-grained interface controls such as dynamic query, dynamic classification, geographic object data identification, user setting adjusting, as well as turning on/off layers, panning and zooming, with no or minimum server support. Geographic knowledge is encoded into raster images and delivered to the client, instead of in vector formats. This paper describes an image-based technique that enables highly interactive Web choropleth maps for geo-referenced data publishing and visual exploration.
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Mapping software is either pre-installed on the client computer, or is downloaded each time along with map and data information. 2002), Autodesk MapGuide (Autodesk 2000), and Flash Geovisualization prototype (Steiner et al 2002). Client-side solutions typically ship vector geographic data (in the format of such as ESRI shapefile, Vector Markup Language (VML), Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) or Geography Markup Language (GML)) to the client computer, where the data is interpreted and rendered typically 1) by software implemented in Java, such as Descartes (Andrienko and Andrienko 1999) (which later became part of CommonGIS (CommonGIS Consortium, 2002)), Interactive Map Applet (Sorokine et al 1998), and CIESIN's Demographic Viewer (CIESIN 2002), 2) or with the help of various specialized browser plug-ins (or special browsers), such as AXIOMAP ( Zaslavsky 2000), CDV (Dykes 1997), GeoMedia Web Map (Intergraph Corp. Researchers have been exploring the possibility of highly interactive Web mapping by switching to client-side solutions, and some excellent examples have already emerged.
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A free version of the software can be downloaded from. The paper explains the functionality of AXIOMAP, the technology behind it, and presents several applications. A thin client-side solution, AXIOMAP provides for better interactivity than traditional map server-based approaches.
To render maps in a Web browser (Internet Explorer 5, in the current version), AXIOMAP generates VML shapes "on the fly" from XML-encoded geographic data that can physically reside on different servers. AXIOMAP - Application of XML for Interactive Online Mapping - is a Web map publishing kit and a customizable virtual map interface that allows for the display and manipulation of multiple point, line and area layers, database query, choropleth mapping, hyperlinking, map labeling and annotation. This technology is made possible by the advent of XML (eXtensible Markup Language) and XML applications for 2D vector rendering such as VML (Vector Markup Language) and SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics). This paper, a new technology for Internet cartography is demonstrated that uses direct vector rendering in a browser to create highly interactive virtual maps from distributed sources of geographic data.
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